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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the delicious coffee we enjoy. But how exactly does it work?

To make an espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter that is inserted when you are making espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, and still others are designed to control the lever. There are some that include a mix of features, like the E61 one, which is the most popular choice among baristas due to its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head comes with several notches to put your portafilter, then twist it with your hands to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber in the notches to help create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head allow for a precise location of the portafilter which is essential for an efficient extraction.

Apart from allowing you easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible to ensure that the temperature remains even. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature to extract. This is important, as just a few degrees could mean the difference between excellent and great espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps used in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure that is required for espresso extraction. This differs from manual piston machines that rely on a lever. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, however both types of machines could get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase the cost of even simplest models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that makes steam also warms the water to boil. In addition the machines often have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of a vibration or rotary pump, which is a vibration model that uses a vibrating disc to create the pressure and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines can make great espresso however rotary machines tend to be quieter, more durable and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element that heats the water to the ideal temperature to extract. The resultant steam then reaches the portafilter that contains the ground espresso and is then pumped into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure to push through the grounds of the coffee for espresso machine. This creates a crema on top of the espresso. This is a hallmark of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each having different pumps and brew temperature. There are different ways to control the brew and the size of the cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso maker for home machines were steam-type. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee espresso machines tasting bitter and burnt. This is why Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most popular espresso machine is a semiautomatic one with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they imagine these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself The pump, however, regulates the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human control and mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use a filter that separates the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the temperature control system, since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows the beans to release their flavor and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

However, it is important to remember that even a good filter can result in a poor cup of coffee, because the quality of the beans and extraction are essential.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy which you put the coffee grounds in, when making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. Steam then pushes the hot water through the grounds with high pressure. These kinds of machines are usually cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. However, they are not as efficient in their capacity to create the perfect conditions for brewing, since they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9 bar espresso machine-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump are becoming increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to force hot water through grounds and are significantly more portable than electric steam-driven machines.